Online Book for Thermodynamics:

Peter Bloechl's Book (see esp. the first 100 or so pages)

 

Online Resources

Course Notes from Univ. of Pittsburgh (see especially lecture 6)

Book from Notre Dame

 

From PWA:

Thermodynamic Identities & Examples of Derivations

Thermodynamic Processes & Examples of Derivations

Examples of Derivations

Problems (especially exercises #12-14; Problems 1,2, & 3.)

Problems (especially #11-15)

Problems (especially #13-16)

Problems (especially exercise #9 and Problems 1,2, & 3)

Problems (especially #1,4)

 

There are a lot of other materials/problems on the web site from the Thermodynamics courses I taught back in 2006 and 2007.

 

Wikipedia References:

Internal Energy

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic IdentitiesMore Thermodynamic Identities

Cyclic Rule

Exact Differential

Total Differential

Compressibility

Van der Waals equation

Equations of State (gas laws) for real gases

Real Gases